La Mostra    Accommodating and Looking After Pilgrims    Confraternities, Hospitals and Nations

Reception of pilgrims in Rome in the 1575 Jubilee, as reported by Dominican Father Angelo Pientini

Angelo Pientini, Le pie narrationi dell'opere piu memorabili fatte in Roma l'anno del giubileo MDLXXV..., Firenze 1583

Establishment of new confraternities, hospitals and assistance facilities in Rome during the papacy of Gregory XIII

Marcantonio Ciappi, Compendio delle heroiche et gloriose attioni et santa vita di papa Greg. XIII, distinto in tredici capi in memoria delli XIII anni ch'egli visse nel suo felice pontificato..., Roma 1596

Camillo Fanucci's description of charity work in Rome for the benefit of pilgrims in the Jubilees of 1575 and 1600

In the notice to readers introducing his “Trattato di tutte l’opere pie dell’alma città di Roma”, Camillo Fanucci writes: “If, during the Holy Year of fifteen seventy five, I had been amazed at the greate charity of all kinds that was meted out in Rome to those who came to Rome to participate in the Jubilee most holy, in this year of sixteen hundred I was astonished, amazed & practically beside myself, having seen the great & indeed immense works of charity & piety undertaken by the city’s confraternities...”

Camillo Fanucci, Trattato di tutte l'opere pie dell'alma città di Roma... nel quale si descivono tutti gli Spedali, Confraternite & altri luoghi pii..., Roma 1602

Accommodating pilgrims in the holy year 1675

Tommaso Maria Alfani, Istoria degli anni santi dal di loro solenne cominciamento per insino a quello del regnante sommo potefice Benedetto XIII..., Napoli 1725

Archconfraternities, confraternities and national confraternities

Bartolomeo Piazza, Eusebologion. Eusevologio romano, overo delle opere pie di Roma, accresciuto e ampliato secondo lo stato presente..., 2 ed., Roma 1699

Saint Phillip Neri and others found the Confraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims

The Confraternita della Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini e dei Convalescenti was founded in 1548 by San Filippo Neri for the primary purpose of providing hospitality and welfare to poor and sick pilgrims. Promoted to the rank of Arch Confraternity in 1562, it began to pursue a concerted policy of forging links with confraternities outside Rome.

Pietro Giacomo Bacci, Vita di S. Filippo Neri fiorentino, fondatore della congregatione dell'Oratorio... Nuovamente ristampata con l'aggiunta di molte cose notabili, Roma 1625

The Church and Hospice of the Confraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents

Ridolfino Venuti, Accurata e succinta descrizione topografica e istorica di Roma moderna..., vol. I, Roma 1766

Jubilee rules of the Confraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims

The Arciconfraternita’s charter sets out the many detailed rules to be observed when greeting pilgrims, including which officials were in charge of which hospitality-related duties: welcoming, checking documents, registration of Rome-bound pilgrims, assigning accommodation, board, and personal care.

Statuti delle ven. Archiconfraternita della santissima Trinità de' pellegrini e convalescenti di Roma, accresciuti e riformati, Roma 1821

Congregation of Priests in the hospice of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims in Rome

Andrea Antonio Orazi (draw.), Arnold van Westerouth (engr.), Sacerdos in Xenodochio SS. Trinitatis, in: Filippo Buonanni, Catalogo degli ordini religiosi della chiesa militante..., vol. III (Parte terza, in cui si riferiscono alcuni di essi tralasciati nella prima edizione, e diversi collegii di alunni, e congregazioni di fanciulle...), 4 ed., Roma 1738

Number of pilgrims (total and by company) accommodated by the Archconfraternity of the Most Holy Trinity during the 1675 Jubilee

Ruggero Caetano, Le memorie de l'anno santo M. DC. LXXV celebrato da papa Clemente X e consacrate alla santità di n.s. papa Innocenzo XII, descritte in forma di giornale..., Roma 1691

Common Rules of the Archconfraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents, with historical background and catalogue of pardons granted by pontiffs

As may be inferred from the form next to the frontispiece, a copy of these rules was handed out to new members of the confraternity when they joined. On 22 April 1875, the archconfraternity’s secretary gave his blessing to Mrs Lucia Piacentini becoming a member.

Cenni storici della ven. Arciconfraternita della santissima Trinità de' pelegrini e convalescenti di Roma con la Regola comune e col catalogo delle indulgenze concedute dai sommi pontefici,Roma 1862

Common Rules of the Archconfraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents, with historical background and catalogue of pardons granted by pontiffs

As may be inferred from the form next to the frontispiece, a copy of these rules was handed out to new members of the confraternity when they joined. On 22 April 1875, the archconfraternity’s secretary gave his blessing to Mrs Lucia Piacentini becoming a member.

Cenni storici della ven. Arciconfraternita della santissima Trinità de' pelegrini e convalescenti di Roma con la Regola comune e col catalogo delle indulgenze concedute dai sommi pontefici,Roma 1862

Data relating to accommodated pilgrims, assets and liabilities of the Archconfraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents in the 1775 Jubilee

Entrata e spesa generale della ven. Archiconfraternita ed ospedale della santissima Trinità de' pellegrini e convalescenti di Roma per l'anno santo 1775, Roma 1775

Register of all pilgrims, convalescents and other individuals accommodated and fed by the venerable Archconfraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims and Convalescents of Rome throughout the holy year of 1775

Entrata e spesa generale della ven. Archiconfraternita ed ospedale della santissima Trinità de' pellegrini e convalescenti di Roma per l'anno santo 1775, Roma 1775

Assets and liabilities of the Archconfraternity of the Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims in the holy year 1825

Entrata e spesa generale della ven. Archiconfraternita della santissima Trinità de' pellegrini e convalescenti di Roma per l'anno santo 1825, Roma 1827

Foot washing at the Trinity of Pilgrims

Dante Paolocci (dis.), La settimana santa a Roma. La lavanda dei piedi alle vecchie povere, alla Trinità de' pellegrini, in: L'illustrazione italiana, a. XXVI, n. 15 (9 aprile 1899)

The Archconfraternity of the Most Holy Crucifix of St Marcellus

Statuti della ven. archiconfraternita del ss. Crocifisso in S. Marcello di Roma, confermati in forma specifica dalla santità di n. s. papa Clemente XII l'anno I del suo pontificato, Pesaro 1827

Archconfraternity of Death and Prayer

A huge famine and the particularly intense cold that struck Rome in the winter of 1538 killed many Romans and impoverished pilgrims. Moved by human compassion, a group of believers founded the Compagnia della buona morte to bury people who had passed away in poverty, alone or far from their homes, and who would therefore not otherwise have had a decent burial. The organization was later renamed the Confraternita della morte ed orazione, owing to its custom of praying for the souls of the dead and for performing the Forty Hours’ ritual, which they did every third Sunday of the month. Pius IV elevated it to the status of confraternity in 1560. The charter on show, which was approved in 1590, was reformed in 1698. It was reprinted to mark the 1750 Jubilee. The Roman archconfraternity was associated with a number of Companies, which they welcomed and accommodated during Jubilees.

Statuti della vener. Archiconfraternità della morte et oratione, Roma 1590

Data on the number of pilgrims and companies catered to by the Santissimo Crocifisso di San Marcello and the Death and Prayer archconfraternities during the 1675 Jubilee

In the Holy Year of 1675, the Arciconfraternita del Santissimo Crocifisso di San Marcello greeted and accommodated close to thirty different companies. Even more detail comes from Abbot Caetano of the Arciconfraternita della morte e orazione, which greeted around five thousand people from twenty-one different companies, in exchange receiving more than 1300 escudos in alms.

Ruggero Caetano, Le memorie de l'anno santo M. DC. LXXV celebrato da papa Clemente X e consacrate alla santità di n.s. papa Innocenzo XII, descritte in forma di giornale..., Roma 1691

Archconfraternity of the Holy Stigmata of St Francis

Founded in 1594 by a Roman doctor at the church of the Franciscan convent at San Pietro in Montorio, this confraternity – whose members included some of the city’s most illustrious men – benefitted from all of the indulgences available to Franciscan clergy. Pope Clement VIII elevated it to Archconfraternity status and allocated it the Church of the Forty Martyrs in the Pigna District. The Church subsequently changed its name to Santissime Stimmate di San Francesco.

Privileggi [sic] e statuti della venerabile e serafica Archiconfraternita delle Sagre Stimmate di Francesco di Roma, Roma 1700

Data on the number of pilgrims and companies catered to by the Archconfraternity of the Holy Stigmata of St Francis during the 1675 Jubilee

In Holy year 1675 the Archconfraternity of the Holy Stigmata received a little more than 300 people belonging to five aggregated companies. It got as a donation several gifts of worth.

Ruggero Caetano, Le memorie de l'anno santo M. DC. LXXV celebrato da papa Clemente X e consacrate alla santità di n.s. papa Innocenzo XII, descritte in forma di giornale..., Roma 1691

Archconfraternity of Most Holy Mary of Suffrage

In 1592, in the parish church of St. Biagio alla Pagnotta, was born a confraternity of suffrage whose task was to pray for the dead's souls. Two years later, pope Clemens VIII incorporated the confraternity and approved its rules. As confraternity brothers' number increased and it was transformed into an Archconfraternity by pope Paul V, it moved to a new seat, built thanks to brothers' gifts and a legacy by marquess Bartolomeo Ruspoli: the church of Santa Maria del Suffragio.

Ordini con li quali deve esser governata la venerabile Archiconfraternità della santissima Madonna del suffragio, Roma 1650

Data on the number of companies catered to by the Confraternity of Most Holy Mary of Suffrage in the 1675 Jubilee

During the Jubilee of 1675, the Company of Suffrage housed only six companies and was given in return about 550 scudos as a donation.

Ruggero Caetano, Le memorie de l'anno santo M. DC. LXXV celebrato da papa Clemente X e consacrate alla santità di n.s. papa Innocenzo XII, descritte in forma di giornale..., Roma 1691

Public and national hospitals

Bartolomeo Piazza, Eusebologion. Eusevologio romano, overo delle opere pie di Roma, accresciuto e ampliato secondo lo stato presente..., 2 ed., Roma 1699

A view of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit

The hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia in the most ancient of Europe.

Giovanni Battista Falda, Archiospedale apostolico di S. Spirito in Sassia, in: Id., Il nuovo teatro delle fabriche et edificii in prospettiva di Roma moderna..., vol. I, Roma 1665

Clerics Regular of the Holy Spirit in Sassia

Sacerdos S. Spiritus in Saxia, in: Filippo Buonanni, Catalogo degli ordini religiosi della chiesa militante..., vol. I (Parte prima degli uomini religiosi), 4 ed., Roma 1738

Nuns of the Holy Spirit in Sassia

Hospitalaria S. Spiritus in Saxia, in: Filippo Buonanni, Catalogo degli ordini religiosi della chiesa militante..., vol. II (Parte seconda delle vergini a Dio dedicate), 3 ed., Roma 1741

Rules of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Sassia

Regole da osservarsi nel sacro ed apostolico Archiospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia..., Roma 1751

Another view of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Sassia

Gaetano Cottafavi, Veduta dell'Archiospedale di S. Spirito, in: Jeremiah Donovan, Rome ancient and modern and its environs, vol. III, Roma 1843

Hospital of St James of the Incurable

The hospital of Saint James of the incurable standed strategically near Porta del Popolo and Porto di Ripetta.

Statuti del venerabile Archiospidale di San Giacomo in Augusta nominato dell'incurabili di Roma, Roma 1659

Charter of the Hospital of teh Spanish Nation

Between the late Middle Ages and the first Modern age the presence of foreign communities in Rome took on a steadier and more structured dimension, turning out to be "zones of influence" in urban fabric, often around the seats of embassies, particularly for the countries which outweighed, such as Spain and France. Since the late Middle Ages the various foreign communities had founded national homes and confraternities, which during the jubilee years were very active in giving hospitality to their compatriots who went on a pilgrimage to holy places. Among the most important transalpine foundations there was the Ospedale di San Giacomo e San Ildefonso which housed Spanish pilgrims in Rome.

Estatutos de la yglesia y hospital de Santiago y S. Ildefonso de la naçion española de Roma, Roma 1650

St Louis of the French

Giovanni Battista Falda, Chiesa di San' Luigi de francesi et hospedale della natione, nel rione di S. Eustachio, architettura di Giacomo della Porta, in: Id., Il nuovo teatro delle fabriche et edificii in prospettiva di Roma moderna..., vol. II (Il secondo libro del novo teatro delle fabriche, et edificii, fatte fare in Roma, e fuori di Roma dalla santità di nostro signore papa Alessandro VII), Roma 1665

St John of the Florentines

Antonio Carbonati, Roma. La basilica di San Giovanni dei Fiorentini (Disegno di Antonio Carbonati), Roma 1950

Charters of the Confraternity of the Most Holy Sacrament or Perseverance at Coppelle

The Confraternity of the Holy Sacrament or of perseverance, set up in 1663 and based in the church of Saint Salvatore alle Coppelle, nursed pilgrims and foreigners who fell ill during their stay in Rome. Innkeepers reported the presence of sick residents by dropping a slip of paper with the names of the ill ones in a box placed on a side of the church of saint Salvatore. Wealthy pilgrims received then treatment in the facilities where they were residing, while the less wealthy ones were sheltered in a city hospital.

Statuti della Venerabile Confraternita del Santissimo Sagramento denominata della Perseveranza, eretta nella venerabile chiesa parrocchiale del Santissimo Salvatore alle Coppelle di Roma, riformati nel pontificato della santità di nostro signore papa Clemente XIII..., Roma 1766

Letter-box of the Archconfraternity of Perseverance at Coppelle, installed on the outer wall of the small Holy Saviour Church for the 1750 Jubilee, to be used by hotel and inn keepers to report sick pilgrims

La tavola marmorea con la buca per l'introduzione dei biglietti, in: Fausto Garofalo, La Confraternita della perseveranza alle Coppelle per l'assistenza ai forestieri infermi, in: Roma nell'anno santo MCML (Dalla rassegna "Capitolium"), Roma 1950